????????

????????

*?stanbul*
???????? ?stanbul
?????
	???? ??? ???? ???: ?? ??? Golden Horn between Galata and Seraglio Point including the historic areas; Maiden's Tower; a nostalgic tram on ?stiklal Avenue; Levent business district with Dolmabah?e Palace; Ortak?y Mosque in front of the Bosphorus Bridge; and Hagia Sophia.
????	?????
????	??????
????	????????
Settled	???????? ????? 6??? ??? ?? ??? '?
-Ligos	c. 1000 ?.??.
-?????????	c. 660 ?.??.
-?????????????	330 AD
-????????	1930 (??????? ??? '??)
???????	39
?????
? ????	Kadir Topba? (AKP)
????
? ?????	1,166 - 1,830 km2 (459.4 sq mi)
? Metro	5,343 km2 (2,063 sq mi)
????? (31 ????? 2014)
? ?????	1,40,25,646
? ????	1st
? ????	12,029 - 7,664/km2 (?7,821/sq mi)
? ??????	1,41,00,000
? ?????	1,43,77,019
? ????? ????	2,691/km2 (6,970/sq mi)
?????? ???	Istanbulite(s); (Turkish: ?stanbullu(lar))
???? ????	??????+2 (EET)
? ?????? (??????)	??????+3 (EEST)
Postal code	34000 to 34850
???? ???	0212 (European side) ; 0216 (Asian side)
???? ???????????	34
????????

百度因为欧洲国家联赛将会在明年开打，因此美洲杯主办方转而向亚洲的中日韩三国都发出了参赛邀请。

???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? (????? ??? ????) ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???

?? ????? ?? ?????? 660 ?.??. ???? "?????????" ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? 330 ???? ???? ???? ???-?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????, ?????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? 16 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????^[5]

2015 ???? ???????? ???? ???? 1.2 ???? ?????? ?? ??, ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? 5??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???^[6]

??????

21??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? 7000 ??? ?.??. ??? ???? ???^[7] ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? 1000 ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????-???? ?? ?? ???^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???-??????? 5500 ??? 3500 ?.??. ???????? ???^[12]

?????

↑ "Tukey:Provinces and Major Cities". www.citytpopulation.de. Citypopulation. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2015. The population of the Turkish cities and provinces according to census results and latest register-based tabulations
↑ "All urban agglomerations of the world with a population of 1 million inhabitants or more". www.citypopulation.de. Citypopulation. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
↑ "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2014". Turkish Statistical Institute. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
↑ Hurriyet
↑ ?elik 1993, p. xv
↑ "MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index". Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
↑ Rainsford, Sarah (10 January 2009). "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed". BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
↑ Algan, O.; Yal??n, M. N. K.; ?zdo?an, M.; Y?lmaz, Y. C.; Sar?, E.; K?rc?-Elmas, E.; Y?lmaz, ?.; Bulkan, ?.; Ongan, D.; Gazio?lu, C.; Nazik, A.; Polat, M. A.; Meri?, E. (2011). "Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikap?–?stanbul and its impact on cultural history". Quaternary Research. 76: 30. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.04.002.
↑ BBC: "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed" Published on 10 January 2007. Retrieved on 3 March 2010.
↑ "Bu ke?if tarihi de?i?tirir". hurriyet.com.tr.
↑ "Marmaray kaz?lar?nda tarih gün ?????na ??kt?". fotogaleri.hurriyet.com.tr. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
↑ "Cultural Details of Istanbul". Republic of Turkey, Minister of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2 October 2007.

????? ?????

[citypolution.de-1] "Tukey:Provinces and Major Cities". www.citytpopulation.de. Citypopulation. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2015. The population of the Turkish cities and provinces according to census results and latest register-based tabulations

[2] "All urban agglomerations of the world with a population of 1 million inhabitants or more". www.citypopulation.de. Citypopulation. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.

[Population_of_Turkey-3] "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2014". Turkish Statistical Institute. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2015.

[4] Hurriyet

[5] ?elik 1993, p. xv

[Mastercard-6] "MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index". Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

[7] Rainsford, Sarah (10 January 2009). "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed". BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2010.

[8] Algan, O.; Yal??n, M. N. K.; ?zdo?an, M.; Y?lmaz, Y. C.; Sar?, E.; K?rc?-Elmas, E.; Y?lmaz, ?.; Bulkan, ?.; Ongan, D.; Gazio?lu, C.; Nazik, A.; Polat, M. A.; Meri?, E. (2011). "Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikap?–?stanbul and its impact on cultural history". Quaternary Research. 76: 30. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.04.002.

[9] BBC: "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed" Published on 10 January 2007. Retrieved on 3 March 2010.

[10] "Bu ke?if tarihi de?i?tirir". hurriyet.com.tr.

[11] "Marmaray kaz?lar?nda tarih gün ?????na ??kt?". fotogaleri.hurriyet.com.tr. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

[12] "Cultural Details of Istanbul". Republic of Turkey, Minister of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2 October 2007.

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