应急车道是什么意思
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????????, ????? ???? | |
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![]() A coin of Charlemagne with the inscription KAROLVS IMP AVG (Karolus Imperator Augustus) | |
Emperor and Augustus | |
????? ??? | 25 ????? 800 – 28 ????? 814 |
???????? | 25 ????? 800 Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome |
????-??????? | Position established |
???? | Louis I |
King of the Lombards | |
????? ??? | 10 July 774 – 28 ????? 814 |
???????? | 10 July 774 Pavia |
????-??????? | Desiderius |
???? | Louis I |
King of the Franks | |
????? ??? | 9 ?????? 768 – 28 ????? 814 |
???????? | 9 ?????? 768 Noyon |
????-??????? | Pepin the Short |
???? | Louis I |
??? | 2 ????? 742/747/748[1] Frankish Kingdom |
??? | 28 ????? 814 Aachen, Holy Roman Empire | (??? 71)
???? | |
????-???? |
|
???? Among others | |
Dynasty | Carolingian |
???? | Pepin the Short |
???? | Bertrada of Laon |
??? | Roman Catholic |
???????? (/??ɑ?rl[invalid input: '?']me?n/; 2 ????? 742/747/748[1] – 28 ????? 814), ??? ????? ???? (??????: [Carolus or Karolus Magnus] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)) ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????
???? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???
???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???
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[????]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karl Ferdinand Werner: Das Geburtsdatum Karls des Gro?en, in: Francia 1, 1973, pp. 115–157 (online Archived 2025-08-05 at the Wayback Machine.);
Matthias Becher: Neue überlegungen zum Geburtsdatum Karls des Gro?en, in: Francia 19/1, 1992, pp. 37-60 (online Archived 2025-08-05 at the Wayback Machine.);
R. McKitterick: Charlemagne. Cambridge 2008, p. 72.